The use of data is not new to schools, teachers, administrators, state education agencies, or parents. Indeed, data has been used by school administrators and teachers since schooling began; however, never has data literacy been as important as it is in the wake of the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) of 2001. NCLB mandated that teachers systematically analyze data collected from standardized state- and national-level assessments and use the findings in instructional decision making, ushering in the era of “data-driven decision-making”. This continues as a priority in the Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA), the successor to NCLB.